The very first inhabitants were the Celtic warlords who were widespread around the region.When the Romans arrived in force to defend their Empire and built Hadrian's Wall now one of the most important designated World Heritage Sites in existence today they established the garrisons of Luguvalium and Petrianum. By the 5th century, the Romans had left but Luguvalium remained and its fort, known as Caerligaluid, prospered. Legend has it that in the mysterious Dark Ages that followed, King Arthur and his magician Merlin visited Carlisle. But it was during the tempestuous Middle Ages that many of Carlisle's historic and lasting monuments were established.The magnificent Castle founded in 1092 by William the Conquerer's son now stands as testament to the years of feuding over the English-Scottish border. It was once the prison of Mary, Queen of Scots and is still home to the King's Own Royal Border Regiment today. Explore its imposing dungeons and labyrinths, find the Licking Stones and prisoners' carvings, as well as discovering how Bonnie Prince Charlie captured the Castle in 1745. Close by is the Citadel, built by Henry VIII with its original "twin drum" bastions. Carlisle's Cathedral, with its famous 14th century stained glass window, is also a must see as is the award winning Tullie House Museum and Art Gallery, with its innovative Millennium Gallery.
